Carbon Reduction Plan 2026

Important reporting qualification

The 2026 reporting year has not concluded as at 27 October 2026.

The figures presented in this Version 1.0 plan are provisional full-year estimates.

They must not be represented as verified annual actuals.

The figures will be reconciled against relevant records and supplier information following the end of the reporting year.

1. Commitment to Achieving Net Zero

Causal Artificial Decision Intelligence Ltd (CADi) is committed to achieving Net Zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 or earlier.

CADi intends to achieve this objective as early as reasonably practicable through responsible management of its operations and technology infrastructure.

CADi is a UK microbusiness providing independent measurement of automated decisions as a software service.

The company has no owned business premises, no company-owned vehicles and no manufacturing operations.

Its principal potential sources of emissions are:

• Cloud computing
• Research computing
• Home working
• Business travel
• Purchased digital services

CADi recognises that the environmental impact of computing infrastructure must be measured and managed, including where services are provided by third parties.

This plan establishes the company's initial emissions baseline, reporting methodology, reduction objectives and planned measures.

2. Baseline Emissions Footprint

Baseline emissions provide the reference point against which future emissions and reductions will be assessed.

CADi began research activity in 2026.

Calendar year 2026 is therefore the company's initial operational baseline and reporting year.

Baseline year: 2026

Period: 1 January to 31 December 2026

The figures below are provisional estimates pending reconciliation against complete annual records.

All figures are provisional.

Scope 1

Estimated emissions: 0.0 tCO₂e

CADi has no owned or controlled premises, boilers, vehicles or refrigerant equipment identified as sources of direct operational emissions.

Scope 2

Estimated emissions: 0.0 tCO₂e

CADi has no separately purchased electricity, heat or steam in the company's own name.

Home-working electricity is considered under the relevant Scope 3 reporting treatment.

Scope 3

The following categories are included.

Category 4: Upstream Transportation and Distribution

Estimated emissions: 0.0 tCO₂e

CADi does not purchase physical goods for resale or distribution.

Category 5: Waste Generated in Operations

Estimated emissions: 0.0 tCO₂e

CADi has no separate operational premises generating identifiable business waste.

Household waste arising at home-working locations has not been separately attributed to the business.

Category 6: Business Travel

Estimated emissions: 0.3 tCO₂e

The provisional calculation assumes approximately:

• 1,500 passenger miles by rail.
• 800 miles by car.
• No flights.

The calculation uses indicative factors of:

• Rail: 0.035 kgCO₂e per passenger mile.
• Car: 0.27 kgCO₂e per mile.

Estimated emissions:

Rail: 52.5 kgCO₂e.

Car: 216 kgCO₂e.

Combined: 268.5 kgCO₂e.

Rounded reporting figure: 0.3 tCO₂e.

The final calculation will use verified travel activity and applicable government conversion factors.

Category 7: Employee Commuting, Including Home Working

Estimated emissions: 0.1 tCO₂e

The provisional estimate assumes:

• Two people.
• An average of 2.5 home-working days per person per week.
• 52 weeks.
• An indicative factor of 0.33 kgCO₂e per person-day.

Calculation:

2 × 2.5 × 52 × 0.33 = 85.8 kgCO₂e.

Rounded reporting figure: 0.1 tCO₂e.

No office commuting is assumed.

The factor and actual working days will be reviewed during annual reconciliation.

Category 9: Downstream Transportation and Distribution

Estimated emissions: 0.0 tCO₂e

CADi delivers software services electronically.

No physical products are shipped to customers.

Included Scope 3 Category

Scope 3 Category 1: Purchased Cloud and Research Computing

Indicative emissions: 0.7 tCO₂e

CADi uses purchased cloud and research computing services.

The provisional estimate comprises:

The research computing figure is estimated from CADi's 2026 allocation on Isambard-AI and will be replaced by usage records at the first annual review.

These figures are indicative and have not been independently verified.

Cloud Infrastructure and Research Computing

CADi operates its software infrastructure on Google Cloud and hosts its public website on Vercel.

CADi also uses Isambard-AI at the Bristol Centre for Supercomputing for research computing.

Additional server infrastructure is planned through Indigo IT. This server has not yet been built or commissioned and is therefore excluded from current operational computing emissions.

Emissions associated with operational computing services are assessed using recorded consumption, available supplier information and documented estimation methods.

Planned infrastructure is included in future emissions assessments only when it becomes operational.

CADi distinguishes actual consumption from estimated emissions and planned activity. Research computing allocations are not treated as evidence of energy consumption without corresponding usage records.

Renewable-electricity purchasing or matching claims do not, by themselves, establish zero greenhouse gas emissions.

Where relevant information is available, CADi will distinguish location-based and market-based electricity emissions.

The 0.7 tCO₂e estimate must not be represented as a verified inventory of all purchased computing emissions.

Baseline Total

The total is the sum of rounded provisional estimates.

The final baseline will be reconciled using consistent accounting boundaries and supporting records following the end of the 2026 reporting year.

3. Current Emissions Reporting

Reporting year: 2026

Because 2026 is the baseline year, current emissions equal baseline emissions in this first plan.

From 2027, this section will report the latest full year against the 2026 baseline, using metered home-energy data where available, supplier emissions statements from Google Cloud, Vercel and the Bristol Centre for Supercomputing, Isambard-AI usage records and travel logs.

4. Emissions Reduction Targets

CADi's absolute footprint is small, so its targets are framed to stay meaningful as the company grows. We will measure emissions intensity per governed decision from the first year of commercial operation, and we commit to the following:

• Keep Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions at zero.
• Reduce emissions per governed decision by 50% by 2030, against the first year of commercial operation.
• Replace estimated figures with metered home-energy data, supplier emissions statements and computing usage records in the 2027 plan.
• Achieve Net Zero across Scope 1, Scope 2 and the included Scope 3 categories by 2050 or earlier.

Progress against these targets will be shown in a chart from the second plan onwards, once there is more than one year of data.

5. Carbon Reduction Projects

Completed in the baseline year

• CADi operates without office premises, so no commuting takes place.
• No business flights were taken in 2026.
• Rail is used in preference to car for longer business journeys.

Planned for 2027 onwards

• Record computing usage for Google Cloud, Vercel and Isambard-AI, so that computing emissions are based on records rather than allocations.
• Request emissions statements from our cloud and computing suppliers each year.
• Run cloud workloads in lower-carbon regions where data-protection requirements allow.
• Assess the energy efficiency of the planned Indigo IT server before it is commissioned.
• Continue to choose rail over car and avoid domestic flights.

6. Declaration and Sign Off

This Carbon Reduction Plan has been completed in accordance with PPN 006 and the associated guidance and reporting standard for Carbon Reduction Plans. Emissions have been reported and recorded in accordance with the published reporting standard for Carbon Reduction Plans and the GHG Reporting Protocol corporate standard, and use the appropriate Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting. Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions have been reported in accordance with SECR requirements, and the required subset of Scope 3 emissions has been reported in accordance with the published reporting standard for Carbon Reduction Plans and the Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Standard. This Carbon Reduction Plan has been reviewed and signed off by the board of directors (or equivalent management body).

This Carbon Reduction Plan was approved by the board of directors on 27 October 2026.

Signed on behalf of the Supplier:

Name:

Stephen Spence

Position:

Director and Co-Founder

Date:

27 October 2026

Name:

Phil Baker

Position:

Director, Co-Founder and System Architect

Date:

27 October 2026